This guide, authored by journalist and Director of Open the Box Nicola Bruno, includes an easy-to-use 4-step methodology for journalists, activists, and researchers to use to expose networked disinformation and manipulation campaigns. It covers aspects such as investigation essentials, investigation methods and plenty of tips and advice on how to dig deeper and more effectively into the murky world of disinformation.
Co-funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
Copyright © 2026. Media & Learning Association.
